WAR ON TERROR: OEF APPENDIX – List of Known National Caveats Imposed by OEF TCNs on National Armed Forces Deployed to Afghanistan, 2001-2012

This list displays the ‘national caveat’ limitation and prohibition rules known to have been imposed on national security forces, contributed and deployed to Afghanistan to operate as part of the U.S.-led Operational Enduring Freedom (OEF) mission, by the governments of OEF Troop Contributing Nations (TCNs) Germany, Canada, Spain and Turkey.

This PhD research in the academic domain of Defence & Strategic Studies, and undertaken over a period of 7 years from 2008-2014, was the first, in-depth, academic examination of the issue of ‘national caveats’ and their effects within multinational security operations. The research focused on the multinational NATO-led ISAF campaign in Afghanistan, and examined and analysed the extent and tangible impact of ISAF national caveats on ‘unity of effort’ and ‘operational effectiveness’ within the ISAF COIN mission, over the period of ten years from 2002-2012.

WAR ON TERROR: ‘Triumphs after Trials’ Progress Report, 2001-2021

A chronological table displaying the Free Democracies’ failures, successes and stalemates in the global campaign against Islamic Extremist terrorism (the ungodly and cowardly mass-murder and terrorisation of innocent civilians for politico-religious aims), otherwise known as the Global War on Terror(ists) (GWOT), ever since the world-changing, Afghanistan-based, Al-Qaeda terror attack on the American homeland and its native and foreign-born citizens, more than two decades ago, on 11 September 2001.

#40 In Videos: An International, Multilateral, Political & Strategic Failure – The Fall of Kabul & the Lamentable Loss of the Anti-Terror & Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, 2001-2021

In Videos: The calamitous political and military decisions taken by short-sighted governments in multiple Capitals, to rapidly end the Afghan theatre of war in the overall and ongoing Global War on Terror (GWOT), and the resulting and hugely consequential developments and events that followed on the ground for the country and the people of Afghanistan, that has shocked, changed, and threatened the entire world. Important videos.

#39 Farewell Fallen Friend: Democratic Afghan Republic, 2001-2021

Democratic Afghanistan – a young but progressing democratic country, a multi-ethnic Nation-State standing politically and militarily strong against Islamic Extremism and mass-murdering terrorists, that was suddenly and deliberately abandoned to die by the American President and so-called “Leader of the Free World,” Joe Biden. Following in the path of President Trump’s Afghan Exit Strategy of “Taliban-Negotiations,” in 2020-21 the liberal-socialist Biden-Harris Administration led the political leaders and elites of the democratic “Free World” to prematurely withdraw their military forces and support from Democratic Afghanistan. By choosing to abandon the young but committed country – and after only 20 years of help, investment and support since its naissance – these political leaders enabled and allowed extreme, brutal, racist, and pro-terrorist forces to retake control of the people and country of Afghanistan. The Taliban and their al-Qaeda and militia allies rapidly turned the country back once again into the terrorist sanctuary and Taliban “Terror State” it had once been, prior to the history-changing 9/11 terrorist attack of 2001, that had murdered nearly 3,000 U.S. and international citizens living, working and travelling in the American homeland.

Biden was assisted in this singularly unwise withdrawal from Democratic Afghanistan by collectively complicit, complacent, and careless European allies, as well as leading Inter-Governmental Organisations (IGOs) around the world including NATO and the UN, in their mutually shared – if short-sighted – preoccupation and desire for ‘a fast and final end’ to the long but vital Afghan War against terror forces in Central-South Asia, just in time for the artificial and domestic deadline of the 20-year anniversary of 9/11. This was a needless abandonment and death of a democratic country, a profound mistake, and a national, political and strategic tragedy for the people of Afghanistan and of the whole world, with profoundly dire security consequences in the global struggle against murderous Islamic Extremist terrorism (the ungodly and cowardly mass-murder and terrorisation of innocent civilians for politico-religious aims).

Consequently, a full 20 years of hard-fought and hard-won achievements via Allied security, stability and nation-building operations post-9/11, to deliberately but kindly establish together with the native Afghan people a moderate, truly population-representative, democratic, just, secure, stable and anti-terrorist government, in the war-weary killing fields of Afghanistan – and these mostly achieved through the great efforts, courage, heart, self-sacrifice, blood, sweat and tears of the Free World’s military fighting forces – ended in total failure. Just as the consequence was a living nightmare for the freedom-loving Vietnamese population following the Fall of Saigon and the collapse of Democratic South Vietnam decades earlier (the Republic of Vietnam from 1955-75), which led to a mass-exodus of frightened “Boat People” into the Asian Sea (and again caused by a deliberate decision made by one American president in Washington D.C. to prematurely withdraw the Free World’s military and political support from a young democratic country’s fight against invasive Marxist-Communist aggression), the Fall of Kabul and the collapse of Democratic Afghanistan was a heart-breaking and nightmarish event for the population of Afghanistan, which sparked a second, terrified, mass-exodus of homeless and Stateless refugees around the globe.

The deepest, cherished and shared goal of democratic nations in the Free World is to advance the cause of human value and liberty before God, and the inherent right of all men, women and children to receive basic care and services, personal freedoms, and legal justice and protections from their native political leaders, rulers and “national caregivers” in government, in every nation and State around the world. It is for this fundamental reason that the Free World has always – and for many centuries since the Protestant Christian Reformation against evil and corrupt leaders in Europe during the 1500s – sought and worked hard to promote, to establish, and to support native, population-representative, caring, self-governing, democratic and just Nation-States around the world. Nation-States, moreover, that will be led by native and elected political leaders, who will care about and serve the greatest needs, interests and desires of their own native free people.

Historically then, the Allied democracies’ recent abandonment of the Democratic Afghan Republic, which led directly to the young country’s weakness and collapse in August 2021 and to untold Afghan deaths and suffering ever since, stands in stark, sharp and bitter contrast to the similar but robustly successful, Allied democracy-building enterprises that took place: (1) in the Axis countries of Japan, Germany and Italy from 1945 after World War Two; (2) in South Korea from 1948-53 after WW2 and the Korean War; (3) in many Nation-States across Eastern Europe and the Balkan regions following the end of the ideological Cold War confrontation from 1989-1991; and (4) even partially and influentially in Iraq from 2003 in the post-9/11 era of the “Global War on Terror” (aka the “Global Campaign against Terrorists”), following the multinational Iraq War against Saddam Hussein’s terrorist-supporting dictatorship, conducted by a Coalition of Willing Nations right up until the Obama-ordered military withdrawal in 2011 (that tragically led to the ISIS Wars from 2014-2019). The Free World’s building and long-term support to these democratic States were ALL successful, long-lasting and world-changing endeavours, that created democratic Nation-States nearly all of which continue to stand strong, free, and tall to the present day – and remain valued allies, friends, and vital members of the Free World. But ALL were accomplished chiefly due to the very great efforts made by several successive generations of freedom-loving democratic forces, contributed to nations in extreme need and hopelessness, by the world’s Free Nation-States of Western-model Democracies. These successes were achieved also at great cost to the Nation-States involved, paid both financially and in currencies far greater than mere money, with full-hearted commitment and self-sacrifice, but with long-term vision, grit and determination. These democratic Nation-States of the Free World – the free offspring of free peoples – have long stood and continue to stand as living and active memorials to these earlier generations of democratic freedom-givers.

As it has always been throughout human history on planet earth, the great cause of “Human Freedom, Protection and Justice” is a timeless blazing light of truth, goodness and hope on earth, for human beings living in the darkness of political and systemic oppression, abuse, injustice, and fear in their native nations and countries, wherever they may be around the world. Because basic human value and individual freedom are the God-given birthright of every person, and every ethnic nation of people, born into the human race. “Where there is no vision, the people perish” (Book of Proverbs 29:18).

ISAF – COIN APPENDIX 1 – Insurgency: History, Definitions, Characteristics, Psychological Nature, Warfare & Life Cycle

In a previous blog ‘#31 BACKGROUND – COIN Warfare & the ISAF’s COIN Strategy: Battle for the Majority Population’, I briefly outlined the central theoretical doctrine and most important principles of Counter-Insurgency (COIN) warfare. This appendix consists of a more in-depth examination of insurgencies and is offered in the hope of supplying important additional information to political and military practitioners, with regard to insurgent armed rebellions and the politico-military counter-insurgency warfare required by governing authorities and their civilian and military forces to quell them. In particular, this appendix will address: (1) insurgency as a common form of warfare in human history; (2) several definitions of insurgency; (3) the central characteristics of insurgencies; (4) the psychological nature of insurgency warfare, and the 4 psychological effects insurgents seek to inflict on established governing authorities; (5) the 3 main forms of warfare used by insurgents, namely terrorism, guerrilla tactics and conventional war; (6) the life cycle of an insurgency, from beginning to end; and lastly (7) the inherent uniqueness of each particular insurgency.

#24 Laws of War Brief (Part 1): What is the Law of Armed Conflict & Customary International Law?

#24 Laws of War Brief (Part 1): What is the Law of Armed Conflict & Customary International Law?   – Dr Regeena Kingsley   ‘How the malice of the wicked was reinforced by the weakness of the virtuous.’[1] – Winston S. Churchill   In previous blogs I have presented case-studies of Multinational Operations (MNOs) in Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo, in which participating national forces – bound by government-imposed national caveat constraints – failed to use lethal force at the critical and necessary moments in order to fully uphold or pursue the primary security objectives of their security mission mandates. In

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